Object Detection - Quick Start¶
Object detection is the process of identifying and localizing objects in an image and is an important task in computer vision. Follow this tutorial to learn how to use AutoGluon for object detection.
Tip: If you are new to AutoGluon, review Image Prediction - Quick Start first to learn the basics of the AutoGluon API.
Our goal is to detect motorbike in images by YOLOv3 model. A tiny dataset is collected from VOC dataset, which only contains the motorbike category. The model pretrained on the COCO dataset is used to fine-tune our small dataset. With the help of AutoGluon, we are able to try many models with different hyperparameters automatically, and return the best one as our final model.
To start, import ObjectDetector:
from autogluon.vision import ObjectDetector
/var/lib/jenkins/miniconda3/envs/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/gluoncv/__init__.py:40: UserWarning: Both mxnet==1.9.1 and torch==1.10.2+cu102 are installed. You might encounter increased GPU memory footprint if both framework are used at the same time.
warnings.warn(f'Both mxnet=={mx.__version__} and torch=={torch.__version__} are installed. '
Tiny_motorbike Dataset¶
We collect a toy dataset for detecting motorbikes in images. From the VOC dataset, images are randomly selected for training, validation, and testing - 120 images for training, 50 images for validation, and 50 for testing. This tiny dataset follows the same format as VOC.
Using the commands below, we can download this dataset, which is only
23M. The name of unzipped folder is called tiny_motorbike. Anyway,
the task dataset helper can perform the download and extraction
automatically, and load the dataset according to the detection formats.
url = 'https://autogluon.s3.amazonaws.com/datasets/tiny_motorbike.zip'
dataset_train = ObjectDetector.Dataset.from_voc(url, splits='trainval')
tiny_motorbike/
├── Annotations/
├── ImageSets/
└── JPEGImages/
Fit Models by AutoGluon¶
In this section, we demonstrate how to apply AutoGluon to fit our detection models. We use mobilenet as the backbone for the YOLOv3 model. Two different learning rates are used to fine-tune the network. The best model is the one that obtains the best performance on the validation dataset. You can also try using more networks and hyperparameters to create a larger searching space.
We fit a classifier using AutoGluon as follows. In each experiment
(one trial in our searching space), we train the model for 5 epochs to
avoid bursting our tutorial runtime.
time_limit = 60*30 # at most 0.5 hour
detector = ObjectDetector()
hyperparameters = {'epochs': 5, 'batch_size': 8}
hyperparameter_tune_kwargs={'num_trials': 2}
detector.fit(dataset_train, time_limit=time_limit, hyperparameters=hyperparameters, hyperparameter_tune_kwargs=hyperparameter_tune_kwargs)
=============================================================================
WARNING: ObjectDetector is deprecated as of v0.4.0 and may contain various bugs and issues!
In a future release ObjectDetector may be entirely reworked to use Torch as a backend.
This future change will likely be API breaking.Users should ensure they update their code that depends on ObjectDetector when upgrading to future AutoGluon releases.
For more information, refer to ObjectDetector refactor GitHub issue: https://github.com/awslabs/autogluon/issues/1559
=============================================================================
The number of requested GPUs is greater than the number of available GPUs.Reduce the number to 1
Randomly split train_data into train[156]/validation[14] splits.
Starting HPO experiments
0%| | 0/2 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
modified configs(<old> != <new>): {
root.dataset voc_tiny != auto
root.ssd.base_network vgg16_atrous != resnet50_v1
root.ssd.data_shape 300 != 512
root.train.early_stop_max_value 1.0 != inf
root.train.epochs 20 != 5
root.train.batch_size 16 != 8
root.train.early_stop_patience -1 != 10
root.train.seed 233 != 141
root.train.early_stop_baseline 0.0 != -inf
root.dataset_root ~/.mxnet/datasets/ != auto
root.gpus (0, 1, 2, 3) != (0,)
root.valid.batch_size 16 != 8
root.num_workers 4 != 8
}
Saved config to /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/workspace/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/docs/_build/eval/tutorials/object_detection/b16d805a/.trial_0/config.yaml
No gpu detected, fallback to cpu. You can ignore this warning if this is intended.
Using transfer learning from ssd_512_resnet50_v1_coco, the other network parameters are ignored.
Start training from [Epoch 0]
[Epoch 0] Training cost: 68.575249, CrossEntropy=3.567161, SmoothL1=1.068679
[Epoch 0] Validation:
car=0.7792207792207793
boat=nan
bus=0.5000000000000001
pottedplant=nan
chair=nan
person=0.832719550831006
bicycle=nan
motorbike=0.8190585096245474
dog=nan
cow=nan
mAP=0.7327497099190832
[Epoch 0] Current best map: 0.732750 vs previous 0.000000, saved to /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/workspace/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/docs/_build/eval/tutorials/object_detection/b16d805a/.trial_0/best_checkpoint.pkl
[Epoch 1] Training cost: 71.757898, CrossEntropy=2.487771, SmoothL1=1.139563
[Epoch 1] Validation:
car=0.700956937799043
boat=nan
bus=1.0000000000000002
pottedplant=nan
chair=nan
person=0.8008244803070853
bicycle=nan
motorbike=0.752373904681597
dog=nan
cow=nan
mAP=0.8135388306969313
[Epoch 1] Current best map: 0.813539 vs previous 0.732750, saved to /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/workspace/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/docs/_build/eval/tutorials/object_detection/b16d805a/.trial_0/best_checkpoint.pkl
[Epoch 2] Training cost: 67.113113, CrossEntropy=2.410642, SmoothL1=1.085367
[Epoch 2] Validation:
car=0.7237762237762237
boat=nan
bus=1.0000000000000002
pottedplant=nan
chair=nan
person=0.8415137016093954
bicycle=nan
motorbike=0.7645980669236484
dog=nan
cow=nan
mAP=0.832471998077317
[Epoch 2] Current best map: 0.832472 vs previous 0.813539, saved to /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/workspace/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/docs/_build/eval/tutorials/object_detection/b16d805a/.trial_0/best_checkpoint.pkl
[Epoch 3] Training cost: 71.656519, CrossEntropy=2.378411, SmoothL1=1.079373
[Epoch 3] Validation:
car=0.8051948051948054
boat=nan
bus=1.0000000000000002
pottedplant=nan
chair=nan
person=0.8199140072697555
bicycle=nan
motorbike=0.7086881540752166
dog=nan
cow=nan
mAP=0.8334492416349444
[Epoch 3] Current best map: 0.833449 vs previous 0.832472, saved to /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/workspace/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/docs/_build/eval/tutorials/object_detection/b16d805a/.trial_0/best_checkpoint.pkl
[Epoch 4] Training cost: 67.042712, CrossEntropy=2.210691, SmoothL1=1.001597
[Epoch 4] Validation:
car=0.5827751196172247
boat=nan
bus=1.0000000000000002
pottedplant=nan
chair=nan
person=0.684863273140785
bicycle=nan
motorbike=0.7618785908259593
dog=nan
cow=nan
mAP=0.7573792458959923
Applying the state from the best checkpoint...
Finished, total runtime is 392.30 s
{ 'best_config': { 'dataset': 'auto',
'dataset_root': 'auto',
'estimator': <class 'gluoncv.auto.estimators.ssd.ssd.SSDEstimator'>,
'gpus': [0],
'horovod': False,
'num_workers': 8,
'resume': '',
'save_interval': 1,
'ssd': { 'amp': False,
'base_network': 'resnet50_v1',
'data_shape': 512,
'filters': None,
'nms_thresh': 0.45,
'nms_topk': 400,
'ratios': ( [1, 2, 0.5],
[1, 2, 0.5, 3, 0.3333333333333333],
[1, 2, 0.5, 3, 0.3333333333333333],
[1, 2, 0.5, 3, 0.3333333333333333],
[1, 2, 0.5],
[1, 2, 0.5]),
'sizes': (30, 60, 111, 162, 213, 264, 315),
'steps': (8, 16, 32, 64, 100, 300),
'syncbn': False,
'transfer': 'ssd_512_resnet50_v1_coco'},
'train': { 'batch_size': 8,
'dali': False,
'early_stop_baseline': -inf,
'early_stop_max_value': inf,
'early_stop_min_delta': 0.001,
'early_stop_patience': 10,
'epochs': 5,
'log_interval': 100,
'lr': 0.001,
'lr_decay': 0.1,
'lr_decay_epoch': (160, 200),
'momentum': 0.9,
'seed': 141,
'start_epoch': 0,
'wd': 0.0005},
'valid': { 'batch_size': 8,
'iou_thresh': 0.5,
'metric': 'voc07',
'val_interval': 1}},
'total_time': 392.3039445877075,
'train_map': 0.7515499551591776,
'valid_map': 0.8334492416349444}
<autogluon.vision.detector.detector.ObjectDetector at 0x7f49808c2490>
Note that num_trials=2 above is only used to speed up the tutorial.
In normal practice, it is common to only use time_limit and drop
num_trials. Also note that hyperparameter tuning defaults to random
search.
After fitting, AutoGluon automatically returns the best model among all models in the searching space. From the output, we know the best model is the one trained with the second learning rate. To see how well the returned model performed on test dataset, call detector.evaluate().
dataset_test = ObjectDetector.Dataset.from_voc(url, splits='test')
test_map = detector.evaluate(dataset_test)
print("mAP on test dataset: {}".format(test_map[1][-1]))
tiny_motorbike/
├── Annotations/
├── ImageSets/
└── JPEGImages/
mAP on test dataset: 0.21394464121736845
Below, we randomly select an image from test dataset and show the
predicted class, box and probability over the origin image, stored in
predict_class, predict_rois and predict_score columns,
respectively. You can interpret predict_rois as a dict of (xmin,
ymin, xmax, ymax) proportional to original image size.
image_path = dataset_test.iloc[0]['image']
result = detector.predict(image_path)
print(result)
predict_class predict_score 0 motorbike 0.934557
1 person 0.903276
2 car 0.369392
3 person 0.212865
4 car 0.160017
.. ... ...
75 car 0.034035
76 bus 0.033915
77 person 0.033710
78 person 0.033681
79 chair 0.033400
predict_rois
0 {'xmin': 0.3227798342704773, 'ymin': 0.4696684...
1 {'xmin': 0.39119723439216614, 'ymin': 0.302396...
2 {'xmin': 0.000842053908854723, 'ymin': 0.64052...
3 {'xmin': 0.15317942202091217, 'ymin': 0.0, 'xm...
4 {'xmin': 0.9948183298110962, 'ymin': 0.5043373...
.. ...
75 {'xmin': 0.9958083033561707, 'ymin': 0.6308083...
76 {'xmin': 0.993603527545929, 'ymin': 0.75083136...
77 {'xmin': 0.29082244634628296, 'ymin': 0.230439...
78 {'xmin': 0.8949482440948486, 'ymin': 0.0, 'xma...
79 {'xmin': 0.15083523094654083, 'ymin': 0.0, 'xm...
[80 rows x 3 columns]
Prediction with multiple images is permitted:
bulk_result = detector.predict(dataset_test)
print(bulk_result)
predict_class predict_score 0 motorbike 0.934557
1 person 0.903276
2 car 0.369392
3 person 0.212865
4 car 0.160017
... ... ...
4266 chair 0.037509
4267 person 0.036915
4268 car 0.036742
4269 person 0.036554
4270 person 0.036383
predict_rois 0 {'xmin': 0.3227798342704773, 'ymin': 0.4696684...
1 {'xmin': 0.39119723439216614, 'ymin': 0.302396...
2 {'xmin': 0.000842053908854723, 'ymin': 0.64052...
3 {'xmin': 0.15317942202091217, 'ymin': 0.0, 'xm...
4 {'xmin': 0.9948183298110962, 'ymin': 0.5043373...
... ...
4266 {'xmin': 0.8211444616317749, 'ymin': 0.8761047...
4267 {'xmin': 0.23894411325454712, 'ymin': 0.385829...
4268 {'xmin': 0.060642972588539124, 'ymin': 0.27406...
4269 {'xmin': 0.6496744751930237, 'ymin': 0.2531244...
4270 {'xmin': 0.9299328923225403, 'ymin': 0.3565353...
image
0 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
1 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
2 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
3 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
4 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
... ...
4266 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
4267 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
4268 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
4269 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
4270 /var/lib/jenkins/.gluoncv/datasets/tiny_motorb...
[4271 rows x 4 columns]
We can also save the trained model, and use it later.
savefile = 'detector.ag'
detector.save(savefile)
new_detector = ObjectDetector.load(savefile)
/var/lib/jenkins/miniconda3/envs/autogluon-tutorial-object-detection-v3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/mxnet/gluon/block.py:1784: UserWarning: Cannot decide type for the following arguments. Consider providing them as input:
data: None
input_sym_arg_type = in_param.infer_type()[0]